Levels in Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Basically, there is a total of seven independent levels to understand and extract the meaning from a text.

1. Phonology Level

• At this level basically, it deals with pronunciation.
• It deals with the interpretation of speech sound across words

2. Morphological Level

• It deals with the smallest words that convey meaning and suffixes and prefixes.
• Morphemes mean studying the words that are built from smaller meanings.
• E.g So the rabbit word has single morphemes while the rabbits have two morphemes.
• The ‘s’ denotes the singular and plural concepts.

3. Lexical Level

• This deals with the study at the level of words with respect to their lexical meaning and Part of speech (POS)
• It uses the lexicon that is collection of lexemes.
• A Lexeme is a basic unit of lexical meaning which is an abstract unit of morphological analysis

4. Syntactic Level

• This level deals with the grammar and structure pf sentences
• It studies the proper relationships between the words.
• The POS tagging output of lexical analysis can be used at the syntactic level of two group words into the phrase and clause brackets.

5. Semantics Level

• This level deals with the meaning of words and sentences
• There are different two approaches :
• 1) Syntax driven semantic analysis
• 2) Semantic grammer
• Its a study of meaning of words that are associated with grammatical structure.

6. Disclosure Level

• This level deals with the structure of different kinds of text.
• There are 2 types of discourse :
• 1) Anaphora resolution
• 2) Discourse/ text structure recognition
• Words are replaced in anaphora resolution.

7. Pragmatic Level

• This level deals with the use real world knowledge and understanding of how this influences the meaning of what is being communicated.
• Pragmatics identifies the meaning of words and phrases based on how language is used to communicate.

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